Intengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe embonini yokucubungula ihadiwe iyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Ngemva kokukhuphuka kwegagasi engxenyeni yesine ka-2007, amanani e-hardware yasendlini yaphinde yavuka ekuqaleni kuka-March 2008. Kusukela ngo-2007, intengo yethusi yamazwe ngamazwe ikhuphuke ngo-66%;intengo yokuqala yethusi eLondon Futures Exchange ikhuphukile isuka ku-US$1,800/ton yokuqala kulo mzuliswano yaya ku-US$7,300/ton, okuwukukhuphuka okungaphezu kuka-300%;i-nickel yokucubungula insimbi edingekayo ekukhiqizeni insimbi engagqwali Izintengo zezinye izinto zensimbi zikhuphuke kakhulu;kusukela ngoMeyi 2008, amabhizinisi e-ceramic akhuphule amanani ngokulandelana, ngokunyuka okujwayelekile ngo-8.6% wezingcezu zobumba.Mayelana nokucutshungulwa kwehadiwe emakethe yasekhaya.Ukushoda ngokwengxenye kwenzeka;I-Baosteel kanye ne-Rio Tinto yase-Australia, okungomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bensimbi emhlabeni, bafinyelela esivumelwaneni ngenani elilinganiselwe le-iron ore ngo-2008. inyuke ngo-79.88%, 79.88% no-96.5% ngokulandelana.Lo mphumela ngokungangabazeki uphushele amabhizinisi ensimbi asekhaya afinyelela esimeni esiphuthumayo nesibalulekile… Lezi zibalo kungathiwa ziyashaqisa.Amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe embonini yokucubungula ihadiwe ayakhula ngezikhathi ezithile.Akumangazi ukuthi imikhiqizo yehadiwe isebenza ngamanani aphezulu
Bekulokhu kunenzuzo yezindleko eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi zamathuluzi okukhiqiza kanye nehardware.Iminyaka eminingi, izwe lami belingumkhiqizi wensimbi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi libe yizwe elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuye kwagcina ukuthambekela kokukhula okuqhubekayo, okwenza izwe lami libe ngelinye labangenisa kwamanye amazwe abakhulu bemikhiqizo yokucubungula ihadiwe emhlabeni jikelele.Kodwa-ke, ngokulandela ukulawulwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke enkulu, intengo yensimbi, impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko, ikhuphuke kakhulu kusukela ngonyaka odlule, umbuso wehlise izinga lokubuyisela intela yokungenisa, futhi ngenxa yethonya lezimo zamazwe ngamazwe, imali baziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokuqaliswa koMthetho Wenkontileka Yabasebenzi ka-2008 kulethe Ukwanda kwezithakazelo zabasebenzi kuye kwawohloka kancane kancane isimo semboni yokukhiqiza e-Shanghai, futhi umthelela embonini yokucubungula i-hardware enezisebenzi eziminyene ikakhulukazi.Ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-hardware yasekhaya akulona ithemba, futhi kungashiwo ukuthi kubi kakhulu.
Okwesibili, isimo sokusebenza semakethe ye-hardware eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule
Imali yokuthengisa embonini yemikhiqizo yensimbi yaseChina ibilokhu ikhula unyaka nonyaka, ngezinga lokukhula elingaphezu kuka-14%, futhi izinga lemakethe liye landa ngezikhathi ezithile.Ngo-2006, imali yokuthengisa yemboni yafinyelela ku-812.352 billion yuan, izinga lokukhula lika-29.39%, cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa.Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2000, usayizi wemakethe ukhule izikhathi ezingu-2.62.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wasekhaya kanye nezimboni, isidingo senani elikhulu lezingxenye zehadiwe sinamandla, futhi izinga lemakethe liyakhula.Izinga lokukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwemboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi yaseShayina lisalokhu lingaphezu kwenani elijwayelekile lezimboni lama-96% kule minyaka eyisikhombisa edlule.Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza nokuthengisa emakethe sinengqondo.
3. Isimo sokuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo semikhakha emincane yemboni yehadiwe ngo-2006
Imboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imikhakha emincane eyi-9.Ngo-2006, inani lamabhizinisi embonini yemikhiqizo yensimbi yaseChina lafinyelela ku-14,828.Phakathi kwabo, inani lamabhizinisi embonini yemikhiqizo yensimbi yesakhiwo lifinyelele ku-4,199, libalelwa ku-28.31% wayo yonke imboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi, ngokusho kwendinganiso "ye-National Economic Industry Classification".Ikleliswe kuqala kuyo yonke imikhakha emincane;okulandelwa umkhakha wokukhiqiza kanye nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yensimbi, ebalelwa ku-13.33% wayo yonke imboni yomkhiqizo wensimbi, insimbi engagqwali kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yensimbi yansuku zonke kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza amathuluzi ensimbi zihlukene ezingama-32 kuphela., ibalwa ku-12.44% kanye no-12.22% wayo yonke imboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi, ngokulandelanayo.Inani lamabhizinisi embonini yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo we-enamel lincane kunawo wonke, ayi-198, libalwa kuphela i-1.34% yemboni yonke.Ubukhulu bemakethe yemboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi kazwelonke bufinyelele ku-812.352 bhiliyoni wama-yuan, okuyisakhiwo Imikhiqizo yensimbi yocansi yabalelwa ku-29% wemakethe ngo-2006. Iphakeme kancane kunengxenye yenani lamabhizinisi, imboni yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo woqweqwe lwawo kuphela ilandisa. I-1.09% yayo yonke imboni yemikhiqizo yensimbi.
Okwesine, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kokuncintisana kwasekhaya kuzoba yinkambiso yentuthuko yemboni yezwe lami yokucubungula ihadiwe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
1. Isikhundla seShayina njengesikhungo somhlaba sokucutshungulwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kanye nokukhiqiza sizozinziswa nakakhulu
I-China isibe yisifunda sezomnotho esishintshashintsha kakhulu emhlabeni.Izinyathelo zomnotho zaseShayina ziphelele uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokusheshisa ukuhlangana kweChina nesimo somnotho womhlaba kanye nokukhula ngokushesha kwamandla omnotho.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni akunangqondo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi, futhi kunenzuzo eqhathaniswayo yokuba isikhungo somhlaba wonke sokucubungula ihadiwe kanye nokukhiqiza.Imboni yokucutshungulwa kwehardware kanye neyokukhiqiza ibonakala ngokuthuthuka kwayo okugxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe.Iphakeme kunezinga lokukhula lokuthengisa emakethe yasekhaya;i-hardware eyinhloko kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi iqhakaza ngokugcwele, futhi ukuqiniswa kwesimo esiphakathi kuqala kusho ukuthi ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo ye-hardware kuye kwanda jikelele eminyakeni yamuva: izinga lokukhula kokungenisa kwemikhiqizo emikhulu ye-hardware liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula komkhiqizo.Akuwona nje kuphela amathuluzi kagesi, amathuluzi ezandla, imikhiqizo ye-hardware yokwakha efana nemikhiqizo eqinile engenisiwe enezinga eliphezulu lokukhula, kodwa futhi izinga lokukhula kokungenisa kwempahla yasekhishini kanye nemikhiqizo yasendlini yokugezela, eyayivame ukulandisa ingxenye yempahla evela kwamanye amazwe, nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngo-2004. Imakethe enkulu kanye namandla adonsela phansi esikhundla esiphakathi kuzophinde kudonse ukudluliselwa kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza sezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zehardware ukuya e-China.
2. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi kuzoqiniswa kakhulu
Ukuze uthole isikhundla esikahle sokuncintisana futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana, umhlaba uyaqhudelana.Imali yezakhiwo ingenye ingqikithi eqhuba imboni.Ngo-2004, i-Supor ne-Vantage yafakwa ohlwini ngokulandelana.I-Hongbao nayo isebenza ngenkuthalo ohlwini.Ukusebenza kwemakethe enkulu ye-Wanhe ngeke kume ngenxa yokwehluleka kokuhlelwa kabusha no-Yuemeiya.Ngokombono wemali, isici esiyinhloko okwamanje ukuthi ukunwetshwa kwezimali kuyakhula.Ngokombono wokuziphatha okuncintisanayo, ukubambisana ekwabelaneni ngezinsiza phakathi kwamabhizinisi kuyakhula.
3. Ukuwohloka kwezigxobo zamabhizinisi ezisenyakatho naseningizimu kuzokhula nakakhulu
Umphumela oqondile walolu hlobo lokushaqeka kwesivinini esikhulu ukwanda komkhuba wokubola kwezigxobo zaseNyakatho nezaseNingizimu ekhishini lokucubungula ihadiwe kanye nekamu lomkhiqizo wokugezela.
4. Ukuncintisana phakathi kweziteshi zokuthengisa kuya ngokuya kushuba usuku nosuku
Ukucindezela kwekhwalithi kuye kwanda, ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwekhishi lokucubungula i-hardware yasekhaya kanye nemikhiqizo yokugezela.Isiteshi sokuthengisa sesingesinye sezici ezibalulekile zokuncintisana, futhi ukulwa kwesiteshi kuya ngokuya kushuba usuku nosuku.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi zasekhishini baqinise ukulawulwa kwamatheminali okudayisa, balwela ukunciphisa izixhumanisi zokuthengisa, ukonga izindleko zokuthengisa, nokwenza iziteshi zokuthengisa zithuthuke ngendlela yobungcweti, futhi amamodeli okuthengisa ezinkampani athuthuka ngendlela engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene. izimakethe ngesikhathi esifanayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkambiso yentuthuko yemboni yokuthengisa yenze isimo sezitolo ezinkulu zempahla yasendlini sakhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi amandla azo okulawula imboni anyukile, ukubamba iqhaza kanye nokubhebhethekisa ukuncintisana kwamanani okwakukade ikakhulukazi ngokuyinhloko. obuswa abakhiqizi.Abathengisi abakhulu bathembele emakethe yabo ebanzi, isikali sokuthengisa kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko, kanye nekhono labo lokulawula amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ngokuya ngentengo yomkhiqizo kanye nokulethwa kwenkokhelo kuzoqiniswa usuku nosuku.
5. Ukuncintisana kwezimakethe kuzoshintshela kumikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu
Imikhawulo yenzuzo yazo zonke izigaba zochungechunge lwemboni yokucubungula ihadiwe iyacindezelwa, futhi igumbi lokwehliswa kwentengo liyancipha usuku nosuku.Amabhizinisi amaningi ayaqaphela ukuthi ukuncintisana kwamanani kukodwa akukwazi ukusungula ukuncintisana okuyinhloko futhi akusona isiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi eside, futhi alwela ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zentuthuko.Izinkampani eziningi ze-hardware ziye zandisa utshalomali lwezobuchwepheshe, zakha imikhiqizo emisha enokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, zathatha ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo njengesu lesikhathi eside lokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, zafuna isidingo semakethe entsha, futhi zasungula izindawo ezintsha zokukhula komnotho (njengezinto zikagesi ezincane zasendlini nokunye okufanayo. izimboni), kulandela ukudlondlobala kokuncintisana.Ukuze kuzuzwe intuthuko esimeme of amabhizinisi.
6. Ukudidiyelwa kwamabhizinisi asekhaya nawaphesheya kwezilwandle kuzosheshiswa kakhulu
Ukwandisa imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngokushesha, amabhizinisi asekhaya okucubungula ihadiwe ukuze athuthukise amandla awo.Ukuhlanganiswa namabhizinisi angaphandle kuzosheshiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa izinga lomkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana.Ngenkathi siqhubeka nokwandisa izimakethe zamazwe endabuko afana ne-United States ne-Japan, i-Southeast Asia, i-Middle East, i-Russia, i-Europe, ne-Afrika nazo zizoqhakaza ngokugcwele.